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For most newcomers, finding employment is a top
priority. It will probably be the most challenging task you face while
starting a new life in Canada. This section will hopefully help you
to set realistic short- and long-term employment objectives. It will
tell you how to look for work in Canada, how to start practicing your
profession or trade or start your own business and what your rights
on the job are.
Working Legally in Canada
In order to start working in Canada, you must be legally permitted
to do so. People who work without a valid employment authorization
could be removed from Canada. If you are a permanent resident, you
need a Social Insurance Number (S.I.N.) in order to be eligible for
employment. If you are a refugee claimant, a refugee or a Minister's
Permit holder, you must apply for employment authorization. Visitors
can only work legally in Canada as temporary workers if they have
obtained employment authorization before coming to Canada.
Looking for a Job
While most Canadians find looking for a job challenging, newcomers
may discover they face additional barriers when looking for employment.
It is important to be aware of these barriers and how to overcome
them. These barriers might include: Lack of English language skills.
Difficulty with English will greatly limit your job opportunities
in Canada, and may force you to accept lower-level work than you had
in your native country. English as a Second Language (ESL) programs
will help improve your job opportunities.
Lack of Canadian experience.
Some employers may use a lack of Canadian experience as a reason not
to hire otherwise qualified newcomers. According to the Canada Human
Rights Commission, it is discriminatory for employers not to consider
applicants because their work experience was not obtained in Canada.
However, employers can require that applicants possess specific job
related skills and technical knowledge. Volunteer work is one way
to gain Canadian experience and Canadian references.
Culture Shock.
As a newcomer you may encounter a work environment and attitudes very
different from what you are used to. Culture shock may be an obstacle
to finding work and feeling comfortable in the workplace.
Discrimination.
Though it is against the law, some newcomers may be refused work,
fair pay, promotions or raises for discriminatory reasons. You need
to know about your rights and where to go for help. While looking
for work in Ontario you may not be able to find a so called job of
choice that uses your skills, interests and previous experience right
away. Jobs of choice are the long term goal and may require a few
years to find. Meanwhile you may have to make do with transitional
jobs - unskilled or entry level jobs. In order to continue practicing
in their field, foreign-trained professionals should have their educational
qualifications and work experience assessed by the association that
oversees that profession. For instance, in Ontario the College of
Physicians and Surgeons regulates doctors and the Association of Professional
Engineers of Ontario regulates engineers. A number of occupations
are regulated within Ontario by provincial public and private legislation
for the purposes of ensuring competence and protecting the public
interest with respect to health, safety and welfare.
Finding a job is a complex and time-consuming process and usually
involves the following steps:
1. Locate a job.
2. Apply for a job - prepare a resume and a cover letter.
3. Survive an interview.
If you believe you have an entrepreneurial spirit, you may consider
starting your own business. This could be a very risky, but very rewarding
undertaking.
Canadian Workplace
It is important to understand the rights of the worker within the
workplace. All workplaces are regulated either by federal or provincial
labour legislation. The Employment Standards Act sets the employment
standards for minimum wages, hours of work, vacation pay and other
terms of employment. Also, the Canada Human Rights Code provides that
every person has the right to freedom from discrimination and harassment
in the workplace. Workplace equity legislation supports the goal of
workplace diversity and benefits many newcomers to Canada.
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